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Impact of Potential and Dedicated Tyres of Electric Vehicles on the Tyre-road Noise and Connection to the EU Noise Label

机译：电动汽车潜在轮胎和专用轮胎对轮胎噪声的影响以及与欧盟噪声标签的连接

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With the advent of electric vehicles and their significant lower propulsion noise emission it is possible to assess the tyre-road noise trough cruise-by measurements with an increased accuracy, even at speeds where a combustion engine propulsion system would usually disturb the measurement results. The European project FOREVER (Future OpeRational impacts of Electric Vehicles on European Roads) funded by CEDR between 2013 and 2014, aimed to provide data and information on the potential future noise impacts of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) on national roads, more specifically (i) the noise levels generated by electric/hybrid vehicles, (ii) how these vehicles can be effectively included in noise prediction models, and (iii) the likely noise impacts for residents as the number of electric/hybrid vehicles on national roads increases. Within work package 3 of the project, concerned with the noise emission of tyres used on EVs and HEVs, nine different sets of tyres have been selected and compared by carrying out pass-by measurements based on the standard ISO 11819-1. Special attention has been paid to potential and dedicated tyre sets which meet the demands for low energy consumption and a low rolling resistance to optimize the range of electric vehicles. The results have been analysed in order to reveal differences between single tyre sets and to quantify the influence of the tyres on the tyre-road noise. In a second part of the work, the EU tyre labels have been considered. The tyre labels have been introduced by the European Community for informing and helping consumers to choose products according to energy efficiency, safety in wet braking conditions and exterior rolling noise. Minimum requirements are also set in type-approval legislation. In the FOREVER project the exterior noise labels of the nine selected tyres have been compared with the results of the pass-by noise measurements performed on a common real-life road surface. Discrepancies observed on tyre ranking between both approaches have been discussed. Investigations within the concept of 'low-noise tyres' have been put forward accordingly. Finally, outcomes for the modelling of rolling noise from electric vehicles in the European noise assessment method CNOSSOS-EU, which is recommended for strategic noise mapping in Europe, have been given. As a complement to the EV propulsion noise component previously specified in the FOREVER project, it turns out that no correction term is required for EV rolling noise. In this paper, the main content as well as the outcomes of work package 3 of the project FOREVER are presented.
机译：随着电动车辆的出现以及其大大降低的推进噪声排放，即使在内燃机推进系统通常会干扰测量结果的速度下，也可以以更高的准确性评估轮胎噪声通过巡航的测量。在2013年至2014年期间，由CEDR资助的欧洲项目FOREVER（电动汽车对欧洲道路的未来运行影响）旨在提供有关电动汽车（EV）和混合动力电动汽车（HEV）未来可能对国家产生的噪声影响的数据和信息。道路，更具体地说（i）电动/混合动力车辆产生的噪声水平，（ii）如何将这些车辆有效地纳入噪声预测模型，以及（iii）电动/混合动力车辆数量对居民可能产生的噪声影响在国道上增加。在该项目的第3个工作包中，涉及到用于EV和HEV的轮胎的噪声排放，已经选择了九组不同的轮胎，并根据标准ISO 11819-1进行了通过测量，将其进行了比较。已经特别关注了潜在的和专用的轮胎组，这些轮胎组满足了低能耗和低滚动阻力的要求，从而优化了电动汽车的行驶范围。对结果进行了分析，以揭示单个轮胎组之间的差异，并量化轮胎对轮胎噪声的影响。在工作的第二部分中，已考虑了欧盟轮胎标签。轮胎标签已由欧洲共同体引入，旨在告知和帮助消费者根据能效，湿制动条件下的安全性和外部滚动噪声选择产品。在型式批准法规中也设置了最低要求。在FOREVER项目中，已将九个选定轮胎的外部噪音标签与在普通现实路面上执行的通过噪音测量结果进行了比较。已经讨论了两种方法之间观察到的轮胎等级差异。相应地提出了在“低噪声轮胎”概念内的研究。最后，给出了欧洲噪声评估方法CNOSSOS-EU中电动汽车滚动噪声建模的结果，建议在欧洲进行战略噪声映射。作为对FOREVER项目中先前指定的EV推进噪声分量的补充，事实证明，EV滚动噪声不需要校正项。在本文中，介绍了项目FOREVER的主要内容以及工作包3的结果。

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